Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid
Antibiotic
View Brand Names (29)Dose and dosage
All doses are for combined quantities of both drugs -
For susceptible infections:
a) 13.75 mg/kg PO twice daily; do not exceed 30 days of therapy
b) For susceptible UTI’s: 12.5 mg/kg PO q12h for 5–7 days
For susceptible skin, soft tissue infections: 12.5 mg/kg PO q12h for 5–7 days (may need to extend to 21 days; do not exceed past 30 days). Much higher doses have been recommended for resistant skin infections.
For susceptible deep pyodermas: 12.5 mg/kg PO q12h for 14–120 days
For systemic bacteremia: 22 mg/kg PO q8–12h for 7 days
Note: Duration of treatments are general guidelines; generally treat
for at least 2 days after all signs of infection are gone.
c) For Gram-positive infections: 10 mg/kg PO twice daily
For Gram-negative infections: 20 mg/kg PO three times daily
d) For non-superficial pyoderma: 10–25 mg/kg PO twice daily for 3–6 weeks. Maximum dose is 650 mg twice daily. Increase to three times daily if no response in 1 week. If no response by the 2nd week, discontinue.
e) For recurrent pyoderma: 13.75–22 mg/kg PO q8–12h
f) For pyoderma: 22 mg/kg PO twice daily or 13.75 mg/kg PO q8h
g) For susceptible urinary tract infections: 12.5 mg/kg PO q8h
All doses are for combined quantities of both drugs -
For susceptible infections:
a) 62.5 mg/cat PO twice daily; do not exceed 30 days of therapy
b) For Gram-positive infections: 10 mg/kg PO twice daily;
For Gram-negative infections: 20 mg/kg PO three times daily
c) For susceptible UTI’s: 62.5 mg/cat (total dose) PO q12h for 10–30
days;
For susceptible skin, soft tissue infections: 62.5 mg/cat (total dose) or 10–20 mg/kg PO q12h for 5–7 days;
For susceptible sepsis, pneumonia: 10–20 mg/kg PO q8h for 7–10
days
Note: Duration of treatment are general guidelines, generally treat
for at least 2 days after all signs of infection are gone.
For susceptible infections:
a) 10–20 mg/kg PO 2–3 times daily
For susceptible infections:
a) 50–100 mg/kg PO q6–8h
b) Ratites: 10–15 mg/kg PO twice daily
-----
Cattle & Calves: Respiratory tract infections, digestive tract infections, soft tissue infections, joint/naval ill, abscesses, urogenital tract infections, mastitis, metritis etc.
Dogs: Skin & soft tissue infections, wounds, abscesses, cellulitis, anal sacculitis, dental infections, urogenital tract infections, respiratory tract infections & digestive tract infections.
Cats: Skin & soft tissue infections, wounds, abscesses, cellulitis/dermatitis.
Poultry: For the treatment of gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tract infections such as Colibacillosis, Salmonellosis, Fowl Cholera, Fowl Typhoid, Infectious Coryza, Necrotic Enteritis, Streptococcosis, Staphylococcosis etc. It is also indicated for the prevention of bacterial infections followed by viral infections such as Gumboro (IBD), Ranikhet (NDV) etc.
-----
Penicillins are contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to them. Because there may be cross-reactivity, use penicillins cautiously in patients who are documented hypersensitive to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins, cefamycins, carbapenems).
Beta-lactam antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibitor (clavulanic acid/clavulanate potassium) (beta-lactam and beta-lactamase inhibitor [BLBLI] combination). Clavulanate has no antibacterial effects alone, but it is a competitive, and irreversible inhibitor of the beta-lactamase enzyme that causes resistance among gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. By adding clavulanate to amoxicillin, the spectrum is extended to include beta-lactamase– producing strains of Staphylococcus (non-methicillin resistant) and some strains of gram-negative bacilli.
BACTERIOSTATIC ANTIMICROBIALS (e.g., chloramphenicol, erythromycin and other macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, etc.): Because there is evidence of in vitro antagonism between beta-lactam antibiotics and bacteriostatic antibiotics, use together has been generally not recommended in the past, but actual clinical importance is not clear and currently in doubt.
METHOTREXATE: Amoxicillin may decrease the renal excretion of MTX causing increased levels and potential toxic effects
PROBENECID: Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of most penicillins, thereby increasing serum levels and serum half-lives
Adverse effects with the penicillins are usually not serious and have a relatively low frequency of occurrence.
Hypersensitivity reactions unrelated to dose can occur with these agents and can manifest as rashes, fever, eosinophilia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemias, lymphadenopathy, or full-blown anaphylaxis.
When given orally, penicillins may cause GI effects (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea). Because the penicillins may alter gut flora, antibiotic-associated diarrhea can occur and allow the proliferation of resistant bacteria in the colon (superinfections).
Neurotoxicity (e.g., ataxia in dogs) has been associated with very high doses or very prolonged use. Although the penicillins are not considered hepatotoxic, elevated liver enzymes have been reported. Other effects reported in dogs include tachypnea, dyspnea, edema and tachycardia.
Acute oral penicillin overdoses are unlikely to cause significant problems
other than GI distress, but other effects are possible (see Adverse Effects). In
humans, very high dosages of parenteral penicillins, especially in patients with
renal disease, have induced CNS effects.
In humans, the FDA categorizes this drug as category B for use during pregnancy
Do not administer systemic antibiotics orally in patients with septicemia, shock, or other grave illnesses as absorption of the medication from the GI tract may be significantly delayed or diminished.
Do not administer penicillins, cephalosporins, or macrolides to rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, hamsters, etc. or serious enteritis and clostridial enterotoxemia may occur.