Amprolium
Anticoccidial
View Brand Names (1)Dose and dosage
Treatment: 10 mg/kg PO for 5 days; 5 mg/kg for 21 days for prophylaxis (Todd et al. 1986)
Lambs: 55 mg/kg daily PO for 19 days
a) For coccidiosis in pet birds: 2 mL (using the 9.6% solution)/gallon of water for 5 days or longer. Cages should be steam cleaned to prevent reinfection. Supplement diet with B vitamins. Some strains resistant in Toucans and Mynahs. (Clubb 1986)
b) For chickens (broilers or layers), turkeys, and pheasants: Refer to individual product instructions.
For coccidiosis:
a) Small Pups (< 10 kg adult weight): 100 mg (total dose) (using the 20% powder) in a gelatin capsule PO once daily for 7–12 days. Large pups (>10 kg adult weight): 200 mg (total dose) (using the 20% powder) in a gelatin capsule PO once daily for 7–12 days. In food, for pups or bitches: 250–300 mg total dose using the 20% powder on food once daily for 7– 12 days. In water, for pups or bitches: 30 mL of the 9.6% solution in one gallon of water (no other water provided) for 7–10 days (Greene et al. 2006)
b) Prophylaxis: 0.075% solution as drinking water (Matz 1995)
c) 150 mg/kg of amprolium and 25 mg/kg of sulfadimethoxine for 14 days (Blagburn 2003)
d) For control of coccidiosis: 1.5 tablespoonsful (22.5 mL) of the 9.6% solution per one gallon of water to be used as the sole drinking water source, not to exceed 10 days. Monitor water consumption both for treatment and hydration assurance; rarely some dogs may not drink the amprolium water due to its bitter taste. In situations where dogs are cohabitants, it is necessary to place enough water for all to have access. (Blagburn 2005), (Blagburn 2007)
For coccidiosis:
a) For Cystoisospora spp.: 60–100 mg total dose PO once daily for 7 days (Lappin 2000)
b) On food: 300–400 mg/kg on food once daily for 5 days or 110–220 mg/kg on food once daily for 7–12 days. In water: 1.5 teaspoonsful (7.5 mL) of the 9.6% solution in one gallon of water per day for 10 days. In combination: amprolium at 150 mg/kg PO once daily with sulfadimethoxine (25 mg/kg PO once daily) for 14 days (Greene et al. 2006)
19 mg/kg PO once daily (Lennox 2006)
a) Rabbits for coccidiosis: Using 9.6% solution: 1 mL/7 kg BW PO once daily for 5 days; in drinking water: 0.5 mL/500 mL for 10 days (Ivey & Morrisey 2000)
b) Gerbils, Mice, Rats, Hamsters: 10–20 mg/kg total daily dose divided q8–24h SC or IM. Chinchillas: 10–15 mg/kg per day divided q8–24h SC, IM or IV (Adamcak & Otten 2000)
a) Treatment: 25–65 mg/kg PO once or twice daily for 3–4 days (Todd et al. 1986)
b) 100 mg/kg/day in food or water (Howard 1986)
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Amprolium has good activity against Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina in poultry and can be used as a therapeutic agent for these organisms. It only has marginal activity or weak activity against E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix, or E. brunetti. It is often used in combination with other agents (e.g., ethopabate) to improve control against those organisms.
In cattle, amprolium used for the treatment and prevention of E. bovis and E. zurnii in cattle and calves.
Amprolium has been used in dogs, swine, sheep, and goats for the control of coccidiosis,
Do not administer to debilitated animals.
Antiprotozoal drug. This drug is a vitamin B1 or thiamine structural analogue. By mimicking its structure, amprolium competitively inhibits thiamine utilization by the parasite. Prolonged high dosages can cause thiamine deficiency in the host; excessive thiamine in the diet can reduce or reverse the anticoccidial activity of the drug. Amprolium is thought to act primarily upon the first generation schizont in the cells of the intestinal wall, preventing differentiation of the metrozoites. It may suppress the sexual stages and sporulation of the oocysts.
THIAMINE: Exogenously administered thiamine in high doses may reverse or reduce the efficacy of amprolium
In dogs, neurologic disturbances, depression, anorexia, and diarrhea have been
reported but are rare and are probably dose-related
Toxicity is observed only at high doses. CNS signs are caused by thiamine deficiency, which may be reversed by adding thiamine to the diet.
Usually administered as feed additive to livestock