Ciprofloxacin + Dexamethasone

Applications: Conjunctivitis, Infectious keratitis, Pale mucus membrane, Ophthalmitis, Vasculitis, Scleritis, Episcleritis, Myositis, Keratitis by chemical, flame, dust

Ciprofloxacin is a bactericidal and a concentration dependent agent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20–30 minutes of exposure. Ciprofloxacin has demonstrated a significant post-antibiotic effect for both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and is active in both stationary and growth phases of bacterial replication. Its mechanism of action is not thoroughly understood, but it is believed to act by inhibiting bacterial DNAgyrase (a type-II topoisomerase), thereby preventing DNA supercoiling and DNA synthesis.

Dexamethasone: The short term effects of corticosteroids are decreased vasodilation and permeability of capillaries, as well as decreased leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation. Corticosteroids binding to the glucocorticoid receptor mediates changes in gene expression that lead to multiple downstream effects over hours to days.

Glucocorticoids inhibit neutrophil apoptosis and demargination; they inhibit phospholipase A2, which decreases the formation of arachidonic acid derivatives; they inhibit NF-Kappa B and other inflammatory transcription factors; they promote anti-inflammatory genes like interleukin-10.

Lower doses of corticosteroids provide an anti-inflammatory effect, while higher doses are immunosuppressive. High doses of glucocorticoids for an extended period bind to the mineralocorticoid receptor, raising sodium levels and decreasing potassium levels