Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate

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Magnesium Sulphate Heptahydrateis indicated in the following conditions: To prevent convulsion in patients with preeclampsia, eclampsia, tetanus and acute uraemia. In acute myocardial infarction, arrythmia. To arrest premature labour. As an adjuvant in neurosurgery to lower the C.S.F pressure. ... Read moreMagnesium Sulphate Heptahydrateis indicated in the following conditions: To prevent convulsion in patients with preeclampsia, eclampsia, tetanus and acute uraemia. In acute myocardial infarction, arrythmia. To arrest premature labour. As an adjuvant in neurosurgery to lower the C.S.F pressure. For replacement therapy in hypomagnesaemia To control hypertension, encephalopathy and convulsion associated with acute nephritis in children.

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It is contraindicated in patients with heart block or myocardial damage.

Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of intracellular fluid and is involved in a wide range of activities. It is needed for activity of many enzymes and plays a role in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Abnormally low concentration of magnesium in the ECF results in increased acetylcholine release and increased muscle excitability that can produce tetany. Magnesium Sulphate heptahydrate has anticonvulsant properties when administered parenterally. An increased concentration of magnesium in the ECF causes depression of the central nervous system ( CNS). Magnesium has a direct effect on skeletal muscle. Hypomagnesaemia may develop from diarrhoea, stoma or fistula, alcoholism or diuretic therapy, prolonged treatment with aminoglycosides, hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia and hyponatraemia.After administration 25-30% of magnesium is protein bound. It is excreted mainly in the urine, over 90% of magnesium filtered by the kidney is reabsorbed. Small amounts are excreted in the faeces, breast milk and saliva. Magnesium also crosses the placenta.

Concomitant use of magnesium salts with barbiturates, narcotics, hypnotics or other C.N.S depressants need dose adjustment because of additive effect on C.N.S.

Excessive administration of magnesium results in hypermagnesaemia manifested by nausea, vomiting, flushing of the skin, thirst, hypotension, drowsiness, confusion, loss of tendon reflexes, respiratory depression, cardiac arrest etc

Magnesium Sulphate overdose can be treated with 10ml of 10% calcium gluconate or chloride intravenously. If the renal function is normal, adequate fluid should be given. Dialysis may be performed in renal impairment.

Magnesium Sulphate crosses the placenta. So, as with any other drugs, caution is required when the drug is administered to pregnant women. It is not known whether the drug is excreted in human milk. As it happens with many other drugs, cautions should be taken when it is administered to a nursing mother.

Magnesium salts should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal and hepatic function. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises from any reason during the process. Do not use if the bottle is leaking, solution is cloudy, contains particles or after expiry date.