Mycin

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Erythromycin is highly effective in the treatment of a wide variety of clinical infections. Upper respiratory tract infections: Tonsilitis, Peritonsillar abscess, Pharyngitis, laryngitis, Sinusitis. Secondary infections in colds and influenza. Lower respiratory tract infections ... Read moreErythromycin is highly effective in the treatment of a wide variety of clinical infections. Upper respiratory tract infections: Tonsilitis, Peritonsillar abscess, Pharyngitis, laryngitis, Sinusitis. Secondary infections in colds and influenza. Lower respiratory tract infections: Tracheitis, acute and chronic bronchitis. Ear infections: Otitis media, otitis externa, mastoiditis. Eye infections: Blepharitis, established trachoma. Skin and Soft tissue infections: Boils and carbuncles, impetigo, abscesses, pustular acne, paromychia, cellulitis, erysipelas. Gastrointestinal tract infections: Cholecystitis, staphylococcal enterocolitis. Prophylaxis: Pre and post-operative, trauma, burns, rheumatic fever. Other infections: Osteomyelitis, diptheria, scarlet fever, whooping cough.

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Known hypersensitivity to Erythromycin.

Erythromycin inhibits microsomal protein synthesis in susceptible organisms by inhibiting the translocation process. Specific binding to the 50S subunit or 70S ribosome occurs in these organisms but there is no binding to the stable 80S mammalian ribosome. Erythromycin is active against many Grampositive bacteria, some Gram-negative bacteria and against mycoplasmas and chlamydia.Absorption: Erythromycin base is destroyed by acid and is therefore administered in the form of stable ester. The rates of absorption of the base and esters are diminished by the presence of food. The stearate is hydrolyzed in the intestine and the free erythromycin absorbed. Blood concentration: After an oral dose of 500 mg. of the base of stearate, peak serum concentrations of 0.9 to 1.4 or 0.4 to 1.8 mg/ml. respectively are attained in 1 to 4 hours. Half-life: The serum half-life is 1.2 to 4 hours. In subjects with oliguria, the half-life is about 5 hours.Distribution: Erythromycin is widely distributed throughout body tissue and fluids with some retention in the liver and spleen, protein binding of erythromycin base is 73%. Erythromycin enters the cerebrospinal fluid when the meninges are inflamed. It also crosses the placenta and is excreted in the milk.Excretion: 5 to 15 % of the dose of erythromycin is excreted in the urine and large amounts of the unchanged active substance are excreted in the bile.

Recent data from studies of erythromycin reveals that its use in patients who are receiving high dosage of theophylline may be associated with an increase of serum theophylline levels and potential theophylline toxicity. In such cases this dose of theophylline should be reduced.

Allergic reactions are rare and mild although anaphylaxis has occurred. Occasionally there is abdominal discomfort after oral administration, sometimes with nausea and vomiting. This discomfort usually subsides after a few days without it being necessary to reduce the dosage.

In case of overdosage, Erythromycin should be discontinued. Overdosage should be handled with the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and all other appropriate measures should be instituted. Erythromycin is not removed by peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis.

Clinical and Laboratory studies have been shown no evidence in human of teratogenicity or toxicity. However, caution should be exercised when prescribing this drug to pregnant patients and lactating mothers since erythromycin crosses the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk.

Erythromycin should be given with care in patients with impaired hepatic function, as erythromycin is excreted principally in the bile.