PruLax

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Prucalopride is indicated for symptomatic treatment of chronic constipation in adults in whom laxatives fail to provide adequate relief.

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Prucalopride is contraindicated in those people who are hypersensitive to the active substance or to any of the excipients and people with renal impairment requiring dialysis.

Prucalopride acts as a selective stimulator of the 5-HT4 receptors while having no interaction with hERG channel or 5-HT1 receptors which reduces significantly the cardiovascular risk found in other similar drugs. 5-HT4 receptors can be found throughout the gastrointestinal tract primarily in smooth muscle cells, enterochromaffin cells, and myenteric plexus. Its activation produces the release of acetylcholine which is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the GI tract. Hence, prucalopride stimulates motility by interacting specifically with 5-HT4 receptors in the GI tract which causes a release of acetylcholine and further contraction of the muscle layer of the colon and relaxation of the circular muscle layer leading to the propulsion of luminal content.

In-vitro data indicate that, Prucalopride has a low interaction potential and therapeutic concentrations of Prucalopride are not expected to affect the CYP-mediated metabolism of co medicated medicinal products. Although Prucalopride may be a weak substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), it is not an inhibitor of P-gp at clinically relevant concentrations. Ketoconazole (200 mg b.i.d.), a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and of P-gp, increased the systemic exposure to prucalopride by approximately 40%. This effect is too small to be clinically relevant. Interactions of similar magnitude may be expected with other potent inhibitors of P-gp such as verapamil, cyclosporine A and quinidine. Studies in healthy subjects showed that, there were no clinically relevant effects of Prucalopride on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin, digoxin, alcohol, paroxetine or oral contraceptives.

The most frequently reported adverse reactions associated with Prucalopride therapy are headache (17.8%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain), nausea and diarrhoea. The adverse reactions occur predominantly at the start of therapy and usually disappear within a few days with continued treatment. Other adverse reactions have been reported occasionally. The majority of adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity.

An overdose may result in symptoms resulting from an exaggeration of prucalopride's known pharmacodynamic effects and include headache, nausea and diarrhoea. Specific treatment is not available for Prucalopride overdose. Should an overdose occur, the patient should be treated symptomatically and supportive measures instituted, as required. Extensive fluid loss by diarrhoea or vomiting may require correction of electrolyte disturbances.

Prucalopride is not recommended during pregnancy and women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception during treatment. Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to pregnancy, embryonal/fetal development, parturition, or postnatal development. In the absence of human data, it is not recommended to use Prucalopride during breastfeeding

Renal excretion is the main route of elimination of prucalopride. A dose of 1 mg is recommended in subjects with severe renal impairment. Caution should be exercised when prescribing Prucalopride to patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C) due to limited data in patients with severe hepatic impairment. In case of severe diarrhoea, the efficacy of oral contraceptives may be reduced and the use of an additional contraceptive method is recommended to prevent possible failure of oral contraception. The tablets contain lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicinal product.

Renal Impairment: The dose for patients with severe renal impairment (GFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2) is 1 mg once daily. No dose adjustment is required for patients with mild to moderate renal impairment.Hepatic Impairment: Patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C) start with 1 mg once daily which may be increased to 2 mg if required to improve efficacy and if the 1 mg dose is well tolerated. No dose adjustment is required for patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment.