Inj.
Ivermectin
— Techno Drugs Ltd.
10mg Ivermectin
· 50 ml
Injection · Subcutaneous · 10mg Ivermectin · 50 ml
No structured dose rules are linked to this brand yet.
Cat
• Ectoparasite therapy: 200–400 mcg/kg (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) IM, SQ, or PO, every 7 days or as needed based on skin scraping and clinical examination.
• Endoparasite therapy: 200–400 mcg/kg (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) weekly SQ or PO.
• Topical: 0.5 mL per ear (0.1 mg/mL) for treating ear mites.
Horse
• 200 mcg/kg (0.2 mg/kg) IM, oral paste, or oral solution. Oral solution dose is 1 mL per 50 kg (110 lb). Administer once or as needed as part of a comprehensive worming program.
Cattle
• Injection solution: 200 mcg (0.2 mg)/kg as a single dose SQ.
• Pour-on: 0.5 mg/kg or 1 mL/10 kg (22 lb) of 5 mg/mL solution.
Dog
• Heartworm preventative: 6 mcg/kg every 30 days PO.
• Prior to adulticide treatment: Administer preventative dose for 2 months, and up to 3 months prior to adulticide treatment.
• Heartworm treatment: Ivermectin administered at preventive doses combined with doxycycline at 10 mg/kg PO per day for 28 days.
• Ectoparasite therapy: 200–400 mcg/kg (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) IM, SQ, or PO.
• Demodicosis therapy: Start with 100 mcg/kg/day (0.1 mg/kg) and increase dose by 100 mcg/kg/day to 600 mcg/kg/day (0.6 mg/kg) for 60–120 days PO.
(Successful treatment is confirmed with negative skin scrapings.)
• Sarcoptic mange and cheyletiellosis therapy: 200–400 mcg/kg every 7 days PO or every 14 SQ for 4–6 weeks.
Swine
For susceptible parasites:
a) 300 micrograms/kg (0.3 mg/kg) SC in the neck immediately behind the ear
b) For general control of endo- and ectoparasites in potbellied pigs: 300 micro-grams/kg SC or IM once for internal parasites and repeated in 10–14 days for external parasites (only partially effective against whipworms.
Small mammals
a) Rabbits: For Sarcoptes scabiei, Notoedres cati: 0.3–0.4 mg/kg SC, repeat in 14 days.
For ear mites (Psoroptes) 0.2–0.44 mg/kg PO, SC repeat in 8–18 days
b) Rabbits: For treatment of ear mites: 200 micrograms/kg SC and repeated in two weeks. All rabbits in colony should be treated and cages cleaned and disinfected.
c) Rodents and lagomorphs: For treatment of sarcoptoid and some fur mites: 200–250 micrograms/kg SC. Cages should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
d) Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas: 200 micrograms/kg SC or PO every 7 days for 3 weeks Hamsters: 200–500 micrograms/kg SC or PO every 14 days for 3 weeks
e) Guinea pigs for Trixacarus caviae mites: 500 micrograms/kg SC, repeated at 14 and 28 days.
N/A
Horses:
Large strongyles (adult) (Strongylus vulgaris, S. edentatus, S. equinus, Triodontophorus spp.), small strongyles, pinworms (adults and 4th stage larva), ascarids (adults),
hairworms (adults), large-mouth stomach worms (adults), neck threadworms (microfilaria), bots (oral and gastric stages), lungworms (adults and 4th stage larva), intestinal threadworms (adults), and summer sores (cutaneous 3rd stage larva) secondary to Hebronema or Draschia Spp.
Cattle/sheep/goat:
treatment and control of GI nematodes (adults and fourth-stage larvae) (Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi) (including inhibited larvae), Ostertagia lyrata, T. axei, T. colubriformis, Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia pectinata, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Nematodirus helvetianus (adults only), Nematodirus spathiger (adults only), Bunostomum phlebotomum;
Stephenophileria, paraphileria
lungworms (adults and fourth-stage larvae) (Dictyocaulus viviparus); grubs (parasitic stages) (Hypoderma bovis, H. lineatum);
sucking lice (Linognathus vituli, Haematopinus eurysternus, Solenopotes capillatus); and mites (scabies) (Psoroptes ovis [syn. P. communis var. bovis], Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis).
Swine:
treatment and control of GI roundworms (adults and fourth-stage larvae) large roundworm, Ascaris suum; red stomach worm, Hyostrongylus rubidus; nodular worm, Oesophagostomum species; threadworm, Strongyloides ransomi (adults only); somatic roundworm larvae (threadworm, S. ransomi [somatic larvae]); lungworms (Metastrongylus spp. [adults only]); lice (H. suis); and mites (Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis).
In dogs and cats, it is used as a heartworm preventative (low dose) or to treat external parasites (mites) and intestinal parasites at higher doses. The benefit for heartworm prophylaxis in animals is the ability to kill young larvae, older larvae, and immature or young adults and adult filariae. Ivermectin is an effective microfilaricide after adulticide therapy. It has been recommended by the American Heartworm Society to treat heartworm-positive
dogs for 2–3 months prior to adulticide therapy. This allows immature worms to reach full maturity that are more susceptible to melarsomine, as well as preventing new infection. Ivermectin can also reduce numbers of adult heartworms when administered long term at preventive
doses. For optimal heartworm adulticide effect, it is often administered with oral doxycycline (10 mg/kg per day for 28 days). Treatment of Demodex infections is effective but requires higher doses than for any other indication.
Ectoparasites: Hypoderma, Crysomia flies. Lice, Mange, Mites, Tick, Nasal bot fly,
N/A
Horses:
not be used in foals less than 4 months old, as safety of the drug in animals this young has not been firmly established. However, foals less than 30 days of age have tolerated doses as high as 1 mg/kg without signs of toxicity.
Dog:
Ivermectin is not recommended for use in puppies less than 6 weeks old.
After receiving heartworm prophylaxis doses, the manufacturer recommends observing Collie-type breeds for at least 8 hours after administration. Most clinicians feel that ivermectin should not be used in breeds susceptible (Collies, Shelties, Australian shepherds, etc.)
Ivermectin is reportedly contraindicated in chelonians, Indigo snakes and skinks. Milbemycin has reportedly been given safely to chelonians.
Mode of Action:
Ivermectin enhances the release of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) at presynaptic neurons. GABA acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter and blocks the post-synaptic stimulation of the adjacent neuron in nematodes or the muscle fiber in arthropods. By stimulating the release of GABA, ivermectin causes paralysis of the parasite and eventual death.
As liver flukes and tapeworms do not use GABA as a peripheral nerve transmitter, ivermectin is ineffective against these parasites.
Pharmacokinetics:
In simple-stomached animals, ivermectin is up to 95% absorbed after oral administration. Ruminants only absorb ¼–⅓ of a dose due to inactivation of the drug in the rumen. While there is greater bioavailability after SC administration, absorption after oral dosing is more rapid than SC. It has been reported that ivermectin’s bioavailability is lower in cats than in dogs, necessitating a higher dosage for prophylaxis of heartworm in this species.
Ivermectin is well distributed to most tissues, but does not readily penetrate into the CSF, thereby minimizing its toxicity. Collie-breed dogs with a specific gene defect allow more ivermectin into the CNS than other breeds/species.
Ivermectin has a long terminal half-life in most species (see below). It is metabolized in the liver via oxidative pathways and is primarily excreted in the feces. Less than 5% of the drug (as parent compound or metabolites) is excreted in the urine.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of ivermectin have been reported for various species:
Cattle: Volume of distribution = 0.45–2.4 L/kg; elimination half-life = 2–3 days; total body clearance = 0.79 L/kg/day.
Dogs: Bioavailability = 0.95; volume of distribution = 2.4 L/kg; elimination half-life = 2 days.
Swine: Volume of distribution = 4 L/kg; elimination half-life = 0.5 days.
Sheep: Bioavailability = 1 (intra-abomasal), 0.25 (intra-ruminal); volume of distribution = 4.6 L/kg; elimination half-life = 2–7 days.
Horses: Swelling & pruritus at the ventral mid-line can be seen approximately 24 hours after ivermectin administration due to a hypersensitivity reaction to dead Onchocerca spp. microfilaria.
Dogs: May exhibit a shock-like reaction when ivermectin is used as a microfilaricide, presumably due to a reaction associated
with the dying microfilaria.
Cattle: Ivermectin can induce serious adverse effects by killing the larva when they are in vital areas; may also cause discomfort or transient swelling at the injection site.
Mice & rats: May cause neurologic toxicity at doses slightly more than usually prescribed.
Birds: Death, lethargy, or anorexia may be seen. Orange-cheeked Waxbill Finches & budgerigars may be more
sensitive to ivermectin than other species
In horses, doses of 1.8 mg/kg (9x recommended dose) PO did not produce signs of toxicity, but doses of 2 mg/kg caused signs of visual impairment, depression and ataxia.
In cattle, toxic effects generally do not appear until dosages of 30x those recommended are injected. At 8 mg/kg, cattle showed signs of ataxia, listlessness, and occasionally, death.
Sheep have shown signs of ataxia and depression at ivermectin doses of 4 mg/kg.
Reproductive studies performed in dogs, horses, cattle and swine have not demonstrated adverse effects to fetuses.